English Grammar

English Verbs

Verbs express actions, states, or events (e.g., run, exist, happen). They change form to show tense (past/present/future), person, and number (e.g., write → wrote, be → am/is/are). Main verbs convey meaning, while auxiliary verbs (e.g., do, have, will) help form tenses, questions, and negatives. Regular verbs follow -ed rules for past forms, while irregular verbs change unpredictably (e.g., go → went → gone). Verbs can be transitive (need an object) or intransitive (no object) (e.g., She reads [a book] vs. He sleeps).

English Tenses

English tenses show the time of an action (past, present, future) and its state (completed, ongoing, etc.). There are 12 main tenses, divided into simple (e.g., I walk), continuous (I am walking), perfect (I have walked), and perfect continuous (I have been walking). Tenses use verb conjugation and auxiliaries (e.g., do, have, will, be) to express different time frames and aspects.

Building Sentences

Basic English sentences follow the Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order (e.g., She eats apples). Modifiers (adjectives, adverbs) and phrases add detail (e.g., The happy child quickly reads a fascinating book). Questions, negatives, and passive voice change the structure (e.g., Does she eat apples? / Apples are eaten by her)

English Adjectives

Adjectives describe nouns, adding details like size, color, or emotion (e.g., a blue sky, an exciting movie). They usually come before the noun (a tall building) or after linking verbs (She seems happy). Comparatives and superlatives use -er/more and -est/most (e.g., big → bigger → biggest, interesting → more interesting → most interesting).

English Nouns

Nouns name people, places, things, or ideas (e.g., teacher, Paris, happiness).
They can function as subjects, objects, or possessives (e.g., The dog's tail wags). Most form plurals with -s/-es, but some are irregular (child → children) or uncountable (water).