French Verb Negation
In French, negation typically requires two parts that surround the conjugated verb:
"ne" (or "n'" before a vowel) + a negative word (like pas, jamais, plus, rien).
1. Basic Negation: "ne...pas"
Structure:
Subject + ne + verb + pas
Examples:
-
Present tense:
Je ne mange pas. (I don't eat.)
Elle n’aime pas le café. (She doesn’t like coffee.) -
Compound tenses (with auxiliary avoir/être):
Il n’a pas fini son travail. (He didn’t finish his work.)
Nous ne sommes pas partis. (We didn’t leave.)
2. Other Common Negative Forms
Each negative word changes the meaning:
|
Structure |
Example |
Meaning |
ne...jamais |
Je ne bois jamais d’alcool. |
"never" |
ne...plus |
Il n’habite plus ici. |
"no longer" |
ne...rien |
Je n’entends rien. |
"nothing" |
ne...personne |
Elle ne voit personne. |
"no one" |
ne...aucun(e) |
Il n’a aucun problème. |
"none/not any" |
3. Special Cases
-
Infinitives: Negation stays before the verb:
Éviter de ne pas faire de bruit. (Avoid making noise.) -
Spoken French: Often drops "ne":
Je sais pas. (Instead of Je ne sais pas.) -
Restrictive "ne...que" (meaning "only"):
Je ne mange que des légumes. (I only eat vegetables.)
4. Pronominal & Compound Verbs
Negation surrounds the auxiliary (être/avoir):
- Elle ne s’est pas lavée. (She didn’t wash herself.)
- Ils n’ont rien entendu. (They heard nothing.)
Key Tip:
In writing, always use "ne" + negative word. In casual speech, "ne" is often omitted.
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